多管降水法在电力线路工程基坑降水过程中的研究应用     

王亚军 《地下水》2011,33(5):14-15

以往榆林沙漠地区基坑降水采用先开挖后降水,容易出现基坑边坡塌方,降水难度大,费工费时,降水效果差,本工程基坑降水采用了多管降水法,从管井的沉设方法,PPR新材料的运用,井管的制作等方面,开发研究出小范围内基坑降水的新方法,降水效果好,可在具有相同水文地质条件的工程降水中应用。  相似文献   

1819年黄河中游极端降水:史实、特征及气候背景   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张健  满志敏  张俊辉 《古地理学报》2011,13(6):687-698

据清官档案与方志记载,复原了1819年(清嘉庆二十四年)黄河中、下游大范围房屋倒塌、民田冲没、人口伤亡、黄河多处决溢等雨涝灾情图景及时空分异特征,这是在明清小冰期大气候背景下的极端气候事件和重大气象灾害.研究指出,该年黄河中游夏秋季雨期长(连阴雨)、且多大到暴雨,二级流域(汾河、渭河)6-9月份降水县区雨日高达40日以...  相似文献   

A statistical analysis of typhoon frequency and application in design wave height   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

WANG Liping  ZHANG Jianfang  LI Yongping  ZHANG Yufang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2011,30(4):24-32

A typhoon leading is an important natural disaster to many disasters to China. A giant wave caused by it has brought large threat for an offshore project. Based on the maximum entropy principle,one new model which has 4 undetermined parameters is constructed,which is called the discrete maximum entropy probabilistic model. In practical applications,the design wave height is considered as soon as possible in a typhoon affected sea areas,the result fits the observed data well. Further more this model does not have the priority compared with other distributions as Poisson distribution. The model provides a theoretical basis for the engineering design more reasonable when considering typhoon factors comprehensively.  相似文献   

辽东湾东部区块热带风暴设计增水的计算     

刘锦昆 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(1):21-25

以辽东湾东部区块出现的极值增水序列为例,考虑热带气旋过程出现频次的影响,采用泊松-最大熵复合极值分布进行了增水统计分析,计算得到辽东湾东部区块的增水重现值.最大100年一遇值为183cm,最大50年一遇值为158cm,皆出现于第1区块.由于受地形的影响,区块1、2与3的增水大小相似,区块4则略小.该结果对辽东湾东部区块...  相似文献   

基于广义极值分布的设计波高推算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈子燊  刘曾美  路剑飞  于吉涛 《热带海洋学报》2011,(3)

简介了广义极值分布函数及其3种参数估计方法,包括极大似然(ML)、线性矩(LM)和间隔最大积(MPS)估计的计算方法。使用广义极值分布函数推算了北部湾涠洲岛海域3个波向的年波高极值序列设计波高,并与Weibull分布、Gumbel分布和皮尔逊Ⅲ型分布的推算结果加以对比。分析表明,涠洲岛海域极值波高服从于广义极值Ⅲ型分布,拟合优度检验结果表明广义极值分布能更好地拟合极值波高;MPS方法是一种优良的参数估计法,推算的设计波高可作为海岸环境工程设计的首要参考值。  相似文献   

A continental analysis of correlations between tree patterns in African savannas and human and environmental variables     

T.A. Groen  F. van LangeveldeC.A.D.M. van de Vijver  A.L. de RaadJ. de Leeuw  H.H.T. Prins 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(8):724-733

This study analyses possible relationships between natural processes taking place in savannas and the tree patterns found in savannas. This can lead to new hypotheses about which processes are driving savanna physiognomy. To do so tree patterns were quantified for African savannas from historical aerial photographs applying frequently used landscape metrics. Also, additional data for these areas were collected to quantify the processes taking place at these locations. Correlations between tree pattern indices and explaining factors were analysed. We found a negative trend between tree cover and density of sheep and goats, but no relationship between tree cover and density of cattle, suggesting that small livestock have an effect on tree cover, but that larger livestock (or obligate grazers) do not. Also, a positive correlation between human population density and tree cover was found. Possible explanations for the found relations are discussed. Subsequent ways to analyse the latter correlation are discussed, and the potential of the presented historical database of aerial photographs is highlighted.  相似文献   

Relationship between NAO and drought disasters in northwestern China in the last millennium   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

H.F. Lee  D.D. Zhang 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(11):1114-1120

North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) plays an important role in the Northern Hemisphere climate system. Although there is growing interest in the connection between NAO and precipitation change in China, there are few studies concerning that connection in northwestern China. Based on fine-grained historical drought disaster records and NAO proxies, we explored quantitatively their possible connection in northwestern China over the past millennium at the multi-decadal to centennial timescales. Statistical results show that NAO and drought disaster were negatively correlated, as positive modes of NAO caused northward-displaced, stronger-than average mid-latitude Westerlies with an enhanced latitudinal water vapor gradient into the central Asian drylands, resulting in reduced drought frequency and intensity in northwestern China. But, their correlation was out-of-phase during the Little Ice Age because of the southward shifting of monsoon, Westerlies, and the East Asian Jet Stream brought by long-term land surface cooling. As it has been indicated that the precipitation in northwestern China is also determined by El Niño-Southern Oscillation and North Atlantic sea surface and air temperature aside from NAO, further studies are needed to evaluate their individual roles and combined impacts upon the drought disaster there.  相似文献   

气候变化下极端水文事件的研究进展   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

张利平  杜鸿  夏军  徐霞 《地理科学进展》2011,30(11):1370-1379

气候异常变化导致洪涝灾害、干旱等极端水文事件的发生及其增加的水灾害风险正成为人类生存所面临的重大挑战。近年来,开展气候变化背景下流域极端水文事件的变化趋势、发生机理及其对气候变化的响应与预测研究正逐渐受到国内外众多学者的关注。本文从极端水文事件的定义、研究方法、水文极值分布函数、观测事实及模拟研究等方面分析评述了极端水文事件问题的研究现状和研究成果。在此基础上,讨论了研究现状存在的问题并对该领域未来研究方向进行了展望。  相似文献   

气候变化对山东降水及极端天气气候事件的影响分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张胜平  张鑫  王海军  向征  杜子龙 《水文》2011,(4):62-65

根据新中国成立以来山东省气温资料进行分析,从温度变化来反映山东气候变暖的趋势;在此基础上根据山东省近60年的水文资料分析气候变化对山东降水及极端天气气候事件的影响。结果表明,60年来山东气候呈变暖趋势,随着气候的变化,山东省年降水量呈减少的趋势,并导致极端天气气候事件出现频率及强度呈增大趋势。  相似文献   

吉林省敦化市乡村人群气候变化感知的偏差及群体分异研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

田青  姚冬萍  苏桂武  刘健  谢今范 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(3):217-223

通过问卷调查,具体分析了吉林省敦化市乡村人群对气候变化趋势和极端冷暖年的感知偏差及人群分异.发现乡村人群对气候变化趋势的感知与科学事实比较符合,由于对变暖转折年代更敏感,因而对变暖的确认度在一些时段与科学事实在变化程度或幅度上存在比较大的偏差.乡村人群对极端冷暖年不如对趋势感知的准确度高.经验积累影响乡村人群对气候变化...  相似文献